First developed by the US NAVY for Military Vessels still applied inhouse today. This lining method was developed in 1983 by U.S. Army Core of Engineers to resolve pipe perforation aboard navy ships and military assets. During the cold War, every ship had to be alert and able to effectively respond in a moments notice. Due to the harsh marine environments, pipes were failing under the chemical and mechanical constraints. Aircraft carriers requiring refits would be out of commission for months, costing $billions$. Thanks to the Air Vortex process, repairs can be completed in weeks and to a fraction of the cost. In 1988 the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC approved this technology as the go to method for Military repairs on aging pipe systems. In the early 2000s the technology was approved for civilian use on specialized technical projects. By 2010s the technology was further developed and digitised in the U.K. applying new and patented improvements only Attested holds.

Source : Marine pipe experts